In their growth as individuals, humans start a separation process at birth, which continues with growing independence towards adulthood. As such, feeling alone can be a healthy emotion and, indeed, choosing to be alone for a period of solitude can be enriching. To experience loneliness, however, can be to feel overwhelmed by an unbearable feeling of separateness at a profound level. This can manifest in feelings of abandonment, rejection, depression, insecurity, anxiety, hopelessness, unworthiness and meaninglessness. If these feelings are prolonged they may become debilitating and serve to prevent us from developing healthy relationships and lifestyles. If the individual is convinced he or she is unlovable, this will increase the experience of suffering and the likelihood of avoiding social contact. Low self esteem will often trigger the social disconnection which can lead to loneliness.
In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with Emily Dickinson. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity; rather, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist.
Loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a grief response; here, one might feel lonely, even in the company of others. Loneliness may also occur after the birth of a child, after marriage or any socially disruptive event, such as moving from one's home town to a university campus. Loneliness can occur within marriages or similar close relationships where there is anger, resentment, or where love cannot be given or received. It may represent a dysfunction of communication. Learning to cope with changes in life patterns is essential in overcoming loneliness.
- Situational – provoked by a change in circumstances, such as moving to a new environment or the loss of a relationship.
- Developmental – our need for intimacy balanced with our need for aloneness is a process that develops throughout the life stages.
-
Internal – unrelated
to external situation or
age-and-stage, often
including feelings of
low self-esteem and
vulnerability, probably
stemming from early
years.
- Believing that "everyone else" has friends
- Feeling embarrassed and self-conscious
- Being in a crowd but not feeling part of the crowd
- Feeling shy and scared of others
- Experiencing low self-esteem
- Feeling angry, defensive and critical
- Feeling socially inadequate and socially de-skilled
- Being convinced there is something wrong with you
- Feeling disconnected and alienated from your surroundings
- Feeling anxious and sad because you believe that no one knows how miserable and isolated you feel
- Losing your capacity to be assertive; feeling "invisible"
- Feeling reluctant to attempt to change, or try new things
- Feeling "empty", depressed, or even contemplating suicide
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